Black Consciousness Movement and Steve Biko (1968–1977)

1. University Christian Movement founded in Grahamstown

   Jul 1, 1967Labels: University Christian, Grahamstown

   • SAHO UCM

2. Black student caucus moves toward separate organization

   Dec 1, 1968Labels: Black student, UCM circles

   • SAHO UCM
   • Biko Wiki

3. SASO officially launched at Turfloop conference

   Jul 1, 1969Labels: SASO, Turfloop

   • SASO Wiki
   • Biko Wiki

4. Black student movement expands to high schools

   Jan 1, 1972Labels: SASM, high schools

   • SASM Wiki
   • SAHO BCP

5. Black Community Programmes launched for self-help projects

   Jan 1, 1972Labels: Black Community, Steve Biko

   • SAHO BCP

6. Black People’s Convention formed to broaden movement

   Jul 1, 1972Labels: Black People, BPC

   • Britannica BCM
   • BPC Wiki

7. Biko receives banning order restricting his movement

   Mar 1, 1973Labels: Steve Biko, banning order

   • SAHO Biko
   • SAHO BCP

8. Viva FRELIMO rallies trigger major state crackdown

   Sep 25, 1974Labels: Viva FRELIMO, BPC

   • SAHO Viva
   • SAHO SASO ch4

9. Zanempilo Community Health Centre opens near King William’s Town

   Jan 1, 1975Labels: Zanempilo Clinic, Zinyoka

   • Zanempilo Wiki
   • SAHO BCP

10. SASO/BPC trial begins in Pretoria Supreme Court

    Jan 31, 1975Labels: SASO Nine, Pretoria Supreme

    • SASO BPC Trial
    • SASO Wiki

11. Soweto Uprising erupts amid student organizing and repression

    Jun 16, 1976Labels: Soweto Uprising, SASM

    • SASM Wiki
    • SASO Wiki

12. SASO/BPC trial ends with convictions and prison sentences

    Dec 21, 1976Labels: SASO BPC, convictions

    • SASO BPC Trial
    • SAHO Crackdown

13. Biko arrested at roadblock and detained under Terrorism Act

    Aug 18, 1977Labels: Steve Biko, Terrorism Act

    • SAHO Arrest
    • NPA Statement

14. Steve Biko dies in police custody in Pretoria

    Sep 12, 1977Labels: Steve Biko, police custody

    • NPA Statement
    • SAHO Arrest

15. Black Wednesday bans key Black Consciousness organizations

    Oct 19, 1977Labels: Black Wednesday, bans

    • O Malley Archives
    • SASO Wiki
    • BPC Wiki