"The Machine That Changed the World" publication and aftermath (1990–1995)

1. MIT launches the International Motor Vehicle Program

   Jan 1, 1985Labels: International Motor, MIT

   • LEI Store
   • Womack bio

2. The term “lean production” is coined

   Jan 1, 1988Labels: John Krafcik, Lean production

   • LEI Lexicon
   • LEI Post

3. “Made in America” raises urgency about productivity

   Apr 3, 1989Labels: Made in, MIT Commission

   • MIT Press

4. “The Machine That Changed the World” is published

   Apr 9, 1990Labels: The Machine, Womack Jones

   • LEI Store
   • Simon Schuster

5. NUMMI becomes a reference case for lean transfer

   Dec 1, 1990Labels: NUMMI, Toyota GM

   • Toyota NUMMI
   • NUMMI

6. Lean production enters mainstream management discussion

   Dec 31, 1990Labels: Lean production, management discourse

   • Lean manufacturing
   • Machine book

7. Scholarly and practitioner critiques test “lean” claims

   Jan 1, 1993Labels: Scholarly critique, Practitioner critique

   • Machine book
   • JTE Review

8. HBR extends the concept to the “lean enterprise”

   Mar 1, 1994Labels: Harvard Business, Womack and

   • HBR

9. Lean becomes associated with measurable performance targets

   Dec 31, 1994Labels: Performance targets, Lean metrics

   • LEI Lexicon
   • LEI Store

10. Lean spreads beyond autos as a general management system

    Dec 31, 1995Labels: Lean movement, Lean beyond

    • Lean manufacturing
    • LEI Store